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Common Foot Problems

Dr Mark Nelson

Foot & Ankle Specialist

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"Top 10" Foot Problems

 
Foot Ailment Description Treatment
Achilles Tendonitis Irritation and inflammation of the tendon that attaches to the back of the heel bone. Achilles tendonitis can be caused by improper warm up or overtraining. Can be treated with ice, rest, aspirin or anti-inflammatory medications. Chronic pain or any swelling should be professionally evaluated.

Bunions Misaligned big toe joints which can become swollen and tender, causing the first joint of the big toe to slant outward, and the second joint to angle toward the other toes. Bunions tend to be hereditary, but can be aggravated by shoes that are too narrow in the forefoot and toe. Surgery by a podiatric physician is frequently recommended to correct the problem.

Hammertoe A condition, usually stemming from muscle imbalance, in which the toe is bent in a claw-like position. It occurs most frequently with the second toe, often when a bunion slants the big toe toward and under it, but any of the other three smaller toes can be affected. Selecting shoes and socks that do not cramp the toes will alleviate aggravation.

Heel Spurs Growths of bone on the underside, forepart of the heel bone. Heel spurs occur when the plantar tendon pulls at its attachment to the heel bone. This area of the heel can later calcify to form a spur. With proper warm-up and the use of appropriate athletic shoes, strain to the ligament can be reduced.

Ingrown Toenails Nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin. Ingrown toenails are frequently caused by improper nail trimming, but also by shoe pressure, injury, fungus infection, heredity and poor foot structure. Women are 50% more likely to have ingrown toenails than men. Can be prevented by trimming toenails straight across, selecting proper shoe style and size - not too tapered or shallow - and paying special attention to foot pain.

Neuromas Enlarged benign growths of nerves, most commonly between the third and fourth toes. They are caused by tissue rubbing against and irritating the nerves. Pressure from ill-fitting shoes or abnormal bone structure can create the condition as well. Treatments include orthoses (shoe inserts) and/or cortisone injections, but surgical removal of the growth is sometimes necessary.

Plantar Fasciitis Plantar fasciitis (or heel pain) is commonly traced to an inflammation on the bottom of the foot. A podiatric physician can evaluate arch pain, and may prescribe customized shoe inserts called orthoses to help alleviate the pain.

Sesamoiditis Sometimes known as the "ball bearings of the foot," the sesamoids are two small bones found beneath the first metatarsal bones. They can inflame or rupture under the stress of exercise. Sesamoiditis can be relieved with proper shoe selection and orthoses.

Shin Splints Pain to either side of the leg bone, caused by muscle or tendon inflammation. It is commonly related to excessive foot pronation (collapsing arch), but may be related to a muscle imbalance between opposing muscle groups in the leg. Proper stretching and corrective orthoses (shoe inserts) for pronation can help prevent shin splints.

Stress Fractures One of the various types of fractures, stress fractures require vastly different treatment. Stress fractures are incomplete cracks in bone caused by overuse. With complete rest, stress fractures heal quickly. Extra padding in shoes helps prevent the condition. Note: Stress fractures left untreated may become complete fractures, which require casting and immobilization.

 

Source: The Foot Health Foundation of America, a national health initiative of the American Podiatric Medical Association.

Reprinted with permission from the American Podiatric Medical Association

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Dr. Nelson's "Top 10 Tips" for Treating Plantar Fasciitis (aka - "Heel Spurs")

1)    Wear a custom-made prescription orthotic (best treatment) or a quality pre-made type orthotic. - *very important*
2)    Use a "Strassburg Sock" type night splint while sleeping to gently stretch the plantar fascia. - *very important*
3)    Do "runner's stretches" (or other stretches) to stretch the back of the calves and the arch of the foot. - *very important*
4)    Stretch the arch of the foot in bed before getting out of bed in the morning.
5)    Take anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs), if you can tolerate them, but be cautious of possible dangerous side effects.
6)    Apply ice to the arch and heel after being active on the foot.
7)    Don't run, jog or use stair climbers until the pain resolves.
8)    Don't climb ladders, don't walk barefoot, avoid going up/down stairs, avoid prolonged walking/standing, avoid smoking.
9)    If overweight, try to lose weight.
10)  If not improving, see your podiatrist who may be able to offer you other treatments, such as "cortisone" injections, anti-inflammatory medications, extracorporial shock wave therapy, physical therapy, surgery and more.

The Strassburg Sock ™

The Strassburg Sock treats plantar fasciitis heel pain at night while you sleep in comfort.  Plantar fasciitis is also commonly called "heel spur syndrome" or "heel spurs".  This style of night splint is much more comfortable to wear while sleeping than traditional hard plastic back (or front) style night splints.  Plus, the Strassburg Sock night splint is much less expensive than most other styles of night splints.

 

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Last modified: 10/13/10